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Fall of Adam and Eve

John Milton's chef d'oeuvre, Paradise Lost , the greatest epic (arguably!) written so for in the world, has significance of a universal level in more ways than one. First, because it concerns the entire scheme of Creation from its very dawn to the Day of Judgement, and even after. The human element can never be overlooked in this connection, since it is man, primarily, who has had to face the stigma in the form of Fall from Grace (though redeemed afterwards), and who has to encounter rigours of life on this planet earth. Second because the never-failing concept of Sin, Repentance and Redemption is there to stay till the very last. Third, because the stratagem God has in perspective does have to come into effect, come what may be. Moreover because the ground realities never change in this world of change and decay, and because man has to compromise with these facts, even at the cost of his liberty __ and innocence. As we proceed with the action narrated at length thr...

The Battle of 'Ain Jaloot (عین جالوت)

After Baghdad and the Levant countries fell into the hands of the Mongols, they began to move to capture Egypt as part of their plan to penetrate from the far east of Asia to northern Asia and Europe.  Hulagu sent a threat message with 4 messengers from the Mongols to Seif al-Din Qutuz saying: "Our horses are swift, our arrows sharp, our swords like thunderbolts, our hearts as hard as the mountains, our soldiers as many as the sand. Fortresses will not detain us, nor arms stop us. Your prayers to God will not avail against us. We are not moved by tears nor touched by lamentations. Only those who beg our protection will be safe. Hasten your reply before the fire of war is kindled."  Qutuz held an emergency meeting with his leaders to discuss a response to the threat letter. But when he saw his leaders hesitant, he made his statement: “Oh, Muslim leaders, for some time now you have been fed by the country treasury, and you are haters of invasion. I am heading alone, so whoever ...

The Romantic Movement

The Romantic Movement Muhammad Zia Lecturer in English The various features which give identity to the Romantic Movement can all be found in other periods as well. What matters is that those features have greater frequency and prominence of occurrence in the Romantic Movement than at other times. In England, the heyday of the Movement was from 1798 to 1832, though of course there is no clear-cut demarcation: some features can be traced back through the 18th century to the age of Pope and beyond that to the Elizabethans, to Chaucer and ultimately to the Garden of Eden; and similarly the movement didn't suddenly cease to be, but rather flowed on, evolving and mutating, through the 19th century and in the 20th. The distinguishing features of the Romantic Movement, which interlink and overlap, are these: 1. Special prestige is accorded to the greatly talented individual who can be seen as a rebel against social tradition and convention. 2. The subjective vision becomes highly valued as...